A distribution board is a metal enclosure that houses electrical protection devices such as MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers), RCDs (Residual Current Devices), RCBOs (Residual Current Circuit Breakers with Overcurrent protection), and sometimes SPDs (Surge Protection Devices). It is where incoming electrical supply is divided and distributed to different circuits within a building.

Distribution boards are used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings in the UK. They are typically installed near the point of entry of electrical supply to divide the electricity into smaller circuits that power sockets, lighting, appliances, and other electrical loads.

Distribution boards provide essential electrical protection by housing circuit breakers and other devices that safeguard against overcurrents, short circuits, earth faults, and surges. They help ensure electrical safety and facilitate easy isolation of circuits for maintenance or in case of faults.

Components commonly found in distribution boards include:

• MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers): Protect individual circuits from overcurrents.
• RCDs (Residual Current Devices): Detect earth leakage currents to prevent electric shocks.
• RCBOs (Residual Current Circuit Breakers with Overcurrent protection): Combine the functions of MCBs and RCDs in a single unit.
• Main Switch: Provides a means of isolating the entire consumer unit from the mains supply.
• Surge Protection Devices (SPDs): Protect against transient voltage surges.
• Busbars: Distribute the electrical supply from the incoming terminals to the protective devices and outgoing circuits.

Yes, distribution boards in the UK must comply with electrical regulations outlined in BS 7671 (the IET Wiring Regulations). These regulations specify requirements for the selection, installation, and maintenance of consumer units to ensure electrical safety.